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                <p>Linux环境搭建：</p>
<ol>
<li>java1.8——<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.cnblogs.com/xuliangxing/p/7066913.html">https://www.cnblogs.com/xuliangxing/p/7066913.html</a></li>
<li>redis——<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.cnblogs.com/zdd-java/p/10288734.html">https://www.cnblogs.com/zdd-java/p/10288734.html</a></li>
<li>nacos——<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://nacos.io/zh-cn/docs/quick-start.html">https://nacos.io/zh-cn/docs/quick-start.html</a></li>
<li>nginx——<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.51cto.com/favccxx/1620159">https://blog.51cto.com/favccxx/1620159</a></li>
<li>开放端口——<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/Bonie_juzi/article/details/83058604">https://blog.csdn.net/Bonie_juzi/article/details/83058604</a><br>redhat官方文档关于防火墙firewalld：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://access.redhat.com/documentation/zh-cn/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/security_guide/sec-using_firewalls">https://access.redhat.com/documentation/zh-cn/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/security_guide/sec-using_firewalls</a></li>
</ol>
<hr>
<h2 id="java1-8安装"><a href="#java1-8安装" class="headerlink" title="java1.8安装"></a>java1.8安装</h2><p>1.华为镜像下载jdk1.8，jdk-8u151-linux-x64.tar.gz：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://repo.huaweicloud.com/java/jdk/8u151-b12/">https://repo.huaweicloud.com/java/jdk/8u151-b12/</a></p>
<p>2.Linux下新建用户javaapp，并切换到此用户：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token function">useradd</span> javaapp
<span class="token function">su</span> javaapp<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>3.新建文件夹，路径在/home/javaapp下</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/songx86/SongPicBed/raw/master/img/image-20210309212430195.png" alt="image-20210309212430195"></p>
<ul>
<li>app用来放jdk文件，logs为其日志；</li>
<li>soft用来安装软件，jdk1.8，nacos，redis等等</li>
</ul>
<ol start="4">
<li>改变目录的拥有者为javaapp :</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token function">chown</span> -R javaapp:javaapp app <span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>5.上传安装包到soft下，然后解压</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token function">tar</span> -zxvf jdk-8u251-linux-x64.tar.gz<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>6.编辑配置文件</p>
<p>修改配置文件 vi /etc/profile<br>放在配置文件的最下方</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-properties" data-language="properties"><code class="language-properties"><span class="token attr-name">JAVA_HOME</span><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token attr-value">/home/javaapp/soft/jdk1.8.0_251 </span>
<span class="token attr-name">JAVA_BIN</span><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token attr-value">$JAVA_HOME/bin</span>
<span class="token attr-name">JAVA_LIB</span><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token attr-value">$JAVA_HOME/lib</span>
<span class="token attr-name">CLASSPATH</span><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token attr-value">.:$JAVA_LIB/tools.jar:$JAVA_LIB/dt.rar</span>
<span class="token attr-name">export</span> <span class="token attr-value">PATH=$JAVA_BIN:$PATH:JAVA_HOME:JAVA_LIB:CLASSPATH</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>配置文件生效</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token builtin class-name">source</span> /etc/profile<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>7.测试，java -version,成功!</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/songx86/SongPicBed/raw/master/img/image-20210309212937183.png" alt="image-20210309212937183"></p>
<hr>
<p>vi保存命令：</p>
<p>wq，保存退出</p>
<p>w，保存不退出</p>
<p>q，不保存退出</p>
<p>q!，不保存强制退出</p>
<p>i,插入模式</p>
<hr>
<h2 id="redis安装"><a href="#redis安装" class="headerlink" title="redis安装"></a>redis安装</h2><p>下载redis：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://redis.io/download">https://redis.io/download</a></p>
<p>官网写了安装方法了：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">$ <span class="token function">wget</span> https://download.redis.io/releases/redis-6.2.1.tar.gz
$ <span class="token function">tar</span> xzf redis-6.2.1.tar.gz
$ <span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> redis-6.2.1
$ <span class="token function">make</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>解压文件，切换路径，编译</p>
<p>遇到错误两个：</p>
<ol>
<li><p>cc command not found<br>这个是因为gcc没有安装，yum install gcc就行</p>
</li>
<li><p>jemalloc/jemalloc.h: No such file or directory<br>这是因为之前编译错误，有残余文件。<br>正确解决办法(针对2.2以上的版本)：清理上次编译残留文件，重新编译</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token function">make</span> distclean  <span class="token operator">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="token function">make</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre></li>
</ol>
<p>src/redis-server运行redis就行了</p>
<hr>
<h2 id="开放端口"><a href="#开放端口" class="headerlink" title="开放端口"></a>开放端口</h2><p>Centos7之后系统默认是firewalld，用firewalld代替了iptables；</p>
<p>安装 firewalld和firewalld-config：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">yum <span class="token function">install</span> firewalld
yum <span class="token function">install</span> firewall-config<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>启动firewalld防火墙</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">systemctl start firewalld.service<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>查看firewalld防火墙运行状态:</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">firewall-cmd --state<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>



<p>启动关闭防火墙服务：</p>
<ul>
<li>启动一个服务：systemctl start firewalld.service</li>
<li>关闭一个服务：systemctl stop firewalld.service</li>
<li>重启一个服务：systemctl restart firewalld.service</li>
</ul>
<p>firewall-cmd常用命令：</p>
<ul>
<li>显示状态： firewall-cmd –state</li>
<li>查看所有打开的端口： firewall-cmd –zone=public –list-ports</li>
<li>更新防火墙规则（重启防火墙）： firewall-cmd –reload</li>
<li>查看区域信息:  firewall-cmd –get-active-zones</li>
</ul>
<p>端口：</p>
<ul>
<li>添加：firewall-cmd –zone=public –add-port=80/tcp –permanent  （–permanent永久生效，没有此参数重启后失效）</li>
<li>查看：firewall-cmd –zone=public –query-port=80/tcp</li>
<li>删除：firewall-cmd –zone=public –remove-port=80/tcp –permanent</li>
</ul>
<p>服务：</p>
<p>其实一个服务对应一个端口，每个服务对应/usr/lib/firewalld/services下面一个xml文件。</p>
<ul>
<li>查看当前开了哪些端口：firewall-cmd –list-services</li>
<li>查看还有哪些服务可以打开：firewall-cmd –get-services</li>
<li>把一个服务加入到分区：firewall-cmd –zone=public –add-service=mysql</li>
<li></li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h2 id="CentOS-Linux常用命令"><a href="#CentOS-Linux常用命令" class="headerlink" title="CentOS Linux常用命令"></a>CentOS Linux常用命令</h2><h3 id="前后台进程相关"><a href="#前后台进程相关" class="headerlink" title="前后台进程相关"></a>前后台进程相关</h3><ul>
<li>jobs：查看当前有多少在后台运行的命令<ul>
<li>-l：显示PID</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Ctrl+Z：可以将一个正在前台执行的命令<strong>放到后台</strong>，并且处于<strong>暂停</strong>状态，不可执行</li>
<li>bg：将一个在<strong>后台暂停</strong>的命令，变成<strong>继续执行 （在后台执行）</strong><br>如果后台中有多个命令，可以用bg %jobnumber将选中的命令调出，<br>%jobnumber是通过jobs命令查到的后台正在执行的命令的序号(不是pid)<br>将任务转移到后台运行：先ctrl + z；再bg，这样进程就被移到后台运行，终端还能继续接受命令。</li>
<li>&amp;：加在一个命令的最后，可以把这个命令<strong>放到后台</strong>执行 ,如gftp &amp;</li>
<li>fg：将后台中的命令<strong>调至前台继续运行</strong><br>如果后台中有多个命令，可以用 fg %jobnumber将选中的命令调出，%jobnumber是通过jobs命令查到的后台正在执行的命令的序号(不是pid)</li>
<li>Ctrl+C：前台中止进程</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="系统信息"><a href="#系统信息" class="headerlink" title="系统信息"></a>系统信息</h3><ul>
<li><p>cat /etc/issue，查看Linux版本，此命令也适用于所有的Linux发行版。</p>
<ul>
<li>cat /etc/redhat-release：查看Linux版本，这种方法只适合Redhat系的Linux </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>ps aux | less：显示所有运行中的进程</p>
<ul>
<li>-A：显示所有进程</li>
<li>a：显示终端中包括其它用户的所有进程</li>
<li>x：显示无控制终端的进程</li>
</ul>
<p>au(x) 输出格式 :</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>USER</th>
<th>PID</th>
<th>%CPU</th>
<th>%MEM</th>
<th>VSZ</th>
<th>RSS</th>
<th>TTY</th>
<th>STAT</th>
<th>START</th>
<th>TIME</th>
<th>COMMAND</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>进程拥有者</td>
<td>PID</td>
<td>CPU使用率</td>
<td>占用内存使用率</td>
<td>占用虚拟内存使用率</td>
<td>占用内存大小</td>
<td>终端号码</td>
<td>进程状态</td>
<td>进程开始时间</td>
<td>进程持续时间</td>
<td>所执行的命令</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<ul>
<li>STAT: 该行程的状态:<ul>
<li>D:  无法中断的休眠状态 (通常 IO 的进程)</li>
<li>R: 正在执行中</li>
<li>S: 静止状态</li>
<li>T: 暂停执行</li>
<li>Z: 不存在但暂时无法消除</li>
<li>W: 没有足够的记忆体分页可分配</li>
<li>&lt;: 高优先序的行程</li>
<li>N: 低优先序的行程</li>
<li>L: 有记忆体分页分配并锁在记忆体内 (实时系统或捱A I/O)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>ps -ef | grep 进程关键字 ：查找相关进程<br><img src="https://gitee.com/songx86/SongPicBed/raw/master/img/image-20210310103353682.png" alt="image-20210310103353682"></p>
</li>
<li><p>which 程序名：查看yum是否安装了这个软件，会显示安装在哪个目录</p>
<ul>
<li>whereis 程序名：同上，不过扩大范围</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>yum list installed ：查看yum已安装程序</p>
<ul>
<li>yum | grep “软件名或者包名”：指定软件是否安装</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="用户"><a href="#用户" class="headerlink" title="用户"></a>用户</h3><ul>
<li><p>cat /etc/passwd：可以查看所有用户的列表</p>
</li>
<li><p>w：可以查看当前活跃的用户列表</p>
<ul>
<li>who：显示当前登录系统的用户</li>
<li>whoami：当前用户</li>
</ul>
<p>who显示的资料包含了使用者 ID、使用的终端机、从哪边连上来的、上线时间、呆滞时间、CPU 使用量、动作等等。</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/songx86/SongPicBed/raw/master/img/image-20210310100124085.png" alt="image-20210310100124085"></p>
</li>
<li><p>su - clsung：变更帐号为 clsung 并改变工作目录至 clsung 的家目录（home dir）</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="文件"><a href="#文件" class="headerlink" title="文件"></a>文件</h3><ul>
<li>find：find 命令用来在指定目录下查找文件<br>find / -name “nacos”：从/目录下开始，寻找name为“nacos”的文件。-iname则忽略大小写</li>
<li></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="Mysql"><a href="#Mysql" class="headerlink" title="Mysql"></a>Mysql</h3><h4 id="source-命令导入"><a href="#source-命令导入" class="headerlink" title="source  命令导入"></a>source  命令导入</h4><p>source 命令导入数据库需要先登录到数库终端：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-sql" data-language="sql"><code class="language-sql">mysql<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">create</span> <span class="token keyword">database</span> abc<span class="token punctuation">;</span>      <span class="token comment"># 创建数据库</span>
mysql<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> abc<span class="token punctuation">;</span>                  <span class="token comment"># 使用已创建的数据库 </span>
mysql<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">set</span> names utf8<span class="token punctuation">;</span>           <span class="token comment"># 设置编码</span>
mysql<span class="token operator">></span> source <span class="token operator">/</span>home<span class="token operator">/</span>abc<span class="token operator">/</span>abc<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">sql</span>  <span class="token comment"># 导入备份数据库</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h2 id="Ubuntu常用命令"><a href="#Ubuntu常用命令" class="headerlink" title="Ubuntu常用命令"></a>Ubuntu常用命令</h2><p>i386就是32位，amd64就是64位</p>
<h3 id="系统"><a href="#系统" class="headerlink" title="系统"></a>系统</h3><ul>
<li>cat /proc/version：查看系统版本</li>
<li>uname -a：查看系统具体信息</li>
<li></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="软件"><a href="#软件" class="headerlink" title="软件"></a>软件</h3><ul>
<li><p>apt-get install “Name”：安装软件</p>
<ul>
<li>列出所有已安装的包：apt list –installed</li>
<li>卸载安装的包，移除软件包及配置文件，清理不再使用的依赖和库文件：apt-get autoremove –purge</li>
<li></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>dpkg -s “packageName”：查询某个包是否安装</p>
</li>
<li><p>dpkg –list | grep mysql：查看mysql有哪些依赖包</p>
</li>
<li><p>清除软件残留数据：dpkg -l|grep ^rc|awk ‘{print$2}’|sudo xargs dpkg -P</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="文件-1"><a href="#文件-1" class="headerlink" title="文件"></a>文件</h3><ul>
<li>chown filename user：更改文件/文件夹的权限，给user</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="防火墙"><a href="#防火墙" class="headerlink" title="防火墙"></a>防火墙</h3><p>这里Ubuntu的是iptables，同时还有一个类似于客户端的ufw</p>
<h4 id="iptables"><a href="#iptables" class="headerlink" title="iptables"></a>iptables</h4><ul>
<li>使防火墙生效：iptables-restore &lt; /etc/iptables/rules.v4</li>
<li>列出当前配置：iptables -L -n</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="ufw"><a href="#ufw" class="headerlink" title="ufw"></a>ufw</h4><ul>
<li>通过ufw查看防火墙状态：ufw -status</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="端口"><a href="#端口" class="headerlink" title="端口"></a>端口</h4><ul>
<li><p>lsof -i:8888，查看8888端口号占用情况</p>
<blockquote>
<p>sof -i:8080：查看8080端口占用<br>lsof abc.txt：显示开启文件abc.txt的进程<br>lsof -c abc：显示abc进程现在打开的文件<br>lsof -c -p 1234：列出进程号为1234的进程所打开的文件<br>lsof -g gid：显示归属gid的进程情况<br>lsof +d /usr/local/：显示目录下被进程开启的文件<br>lsof +D /usr/local/：同上，但是会搜索目录下的目录，时间较长<br>lsof -d 4：显示使用fd为4的进程<br>lsof -i -U：显示所有打开的端口和UNIX domain文件</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><p>netstat -tunlp | grep 8000，显示占用8000端口的tcp/udp并处于listen状态的程序</p>
<blockquote>
<p>netstat -tunlp | grep 端口号</p>
<ul>
<li>-t (tcp) 仅显示tcp相关选项</li>
<li>-u (udp)仅显示udp相关选项</li>
<li>-n 拒绝显示别名，能显示数字的全部转化为数字</li>
<li>-l 仅列出在Listen(监听)的服务状态</li>
<li>-p 显示建立相关链接的程序名</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="Java"><a href="#Java" class="headerlink" title="Java"></a>Java</h3><p>jar包运行</p>
<p>方法一：java -jar jar包名   (这样ssh窗口被锁定，直接关闭窗口，ctrl+c打断程序运行)</p>
<p>方法二：java -jar jar包名  &amp;   (&amp;表示在后台运行，ssh窗口不被锁定，但窗口关闭程序终止运行)</p>
<p>方法三： nohup java -jar jar包名 &amp;  （关闭窗口，用户退出登录程序仍然运行，但执行nohup命令时，缺省情况下输出作业被重定向到nohup.out文件中，除非指定文件位置）</p>
<p>方法四: nohup java -jar jar包名 &amp; &gt;a.txt</p>
<h4 id="解释下-gt-temp-txt"><a href="#解释下-gt-temp-txt" class="headerlink" title="解释下 &gt;temp.txt"></a>解释下 &gt;temp.txt</h4><p><code>command &gt;out.fil</code></p>
<p>command &gt;out.file是将command的输出重定向到out.file文件，即输出内容不打印到屏幕上，而是输出到out.file文件中。</p>
<p>可通过jobs命令查看后台运行任务</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token function">jobs</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>那么就会列出所有后台执行的作业，并且每个作业前面都有个编号。<br>如果想将某个作业调回前台控制，只需要 fg + 编号即可：<code>fg 23</code></p>
<ul>
<li>nohup java -jar 包名 &amp;：无界面后台启动不停止的java包，输出会默认到nohup.out<ul>
<li>nohup java -jar 包名 &amp;&gt;XXX.txt：修改输出到XXX.txt文件</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="Ubuntu20安装mysql"><a href="#Ubuntu20安装mysql" class="headerlink" title="Ubuntu20安装mysql"></a>Ubuntu20安装mysql</h2><p>apt-get默认安装的是8.0</p>
<p>卸载</p>
<p>dpkg –list | grep mysql</p>
<p>将列出的mysql相关都删掉，apt-get autoremove</p>
<p>以及apt-get autoremove –purge</p>
<p>清除残留数据：<code>dpkg -l|grep ^rc|awk &#39;&#123;print$2&#125;&#39;|sudo xargs dpkg -P</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">apt purge mysql-server mysql-server-5.7<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>

<hr>
<p>防火墙：</p>
<p>华为云</p>
<p>ufw</p>

                
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